Regulation of Hyaluronan Synthesis in Vascular Diseases and Diabetes

Figure 2

Nuclear control of HAS2 transcription by O-GlcNAcylation. In condition of glucose abundance, OGT modifies p65 by means of O-GlcNAcylation. Glycosylated p65 induces the transcription of HAS2-AS1 that, in turn, enhances HAS2 transcription. The mechanism through which HAS2-AS1 drives HAS2 transcription is complex and partially unknown. Natural antisense RNA can bind enzymes involved in epigenetic modifications. Recent evidences highlight that HAS2-AS1 is able to open chromatin structure around HAS2 promoter enhancing RNA polymerase 2 and other factors accessibility.