Microbial species Experimental model Effects References N. elongata Saliva samples of PDAC and pancreatitis patients Decreased in cases [115 , 145 ] S. mitis Saliva samples of PDAC and pancreatitis patients Decreased in cases [115 , 145 ] G. adiacens Saliva samples of PDAC and pancreatitis patients Increased in cases [115 , 145 ] P. gingivalis Blood samples of PDAC patients High levels of antibodies against this species confer higher risk of pancreatic cancer [150 ] Commensal oral bacteria Blood samples of PDAC patients High levels of antibodies against this group confer higher risk of pancreatic cancer [150 ] H. pylori Blood samples of patients with PDAC, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and controls Pancreatic cancer cases had equal risk of H. pylori seropositivity as gastric cancer cases and higher risk than colorectal cancer cases and control [233 ] Blood samples of smokers, pancreatic cancer cases, and controls Patients with exocrine pancreatic cancer had higher rates of seroprevalence for H. pylori [234 ] Blood samples of smokers, exocrine pancreatic cancer patients, and controls H. pylori antigens were not associated with development of pancreatic cancer[135 ] Blood sample of newly diagnosed PDAC cases and controls Colonization by H. pylori associated with higher risk of pancreatic cancer, especially for individuals with non-O blood types [235 ] Human PDAC cell lines Increased activities of proliferation factors NF- [236 ] LPS Cerulein-induced pancreatitis LPS synergizes with cerulean to induce severe acute pancreatitis [59 ] L-Arginine-induced pancreatitis Genetic ablation of TLR4 or CD14 mitigates acute pancreatitis [13 ] P48+/Cre ; LsL-KRasG12d/+ LPS accelerates pancreatic carcinogenesis, TLR4 and TRIF blockade attenuate carcinogenesis, and MyD88 blockade exacerbates carcinogenesis [12 ] Ela-CreERT; LsL-KRasG12d/+ LPS synergizes with KRas mutation in acinar cells to induce pancreatitis and accelerate pancreatic carcinogenesis [128 ]
