Diabetic Retinopathy in Pregnancy: A Population-Based Study of Women with Pregestational Diabetes

Table 2

Characteristics of women who received an adequate number of retinal examinations versus those who did not ().

	Adequate number of retinal examinations	Inadequate number of retinal examinations	value
(%)	185 (60.3%)	122 (39.7%)
Type 1 diabetes	134 (72.4%)	74 (60.7%)
Type 2 diabetes	51 (27.6%)	48 (39.3%)
Age (years)	32.9 ± 5.3	31.5 ± 5.4	0.02
Gravida	2.4 ± 1.5	2.8 ± 2.2	0.16
Parity	0.9 ± 1.1	1.0 ± 1.3	0.13
Caucasian	174 (94.1%)	104 (85.2%)	0.01
Diabetes duration (years)	11.28 ± 5.68	9.25 ± 5.77	0.007
Nonsmokers	158 (85.4%)	110 (90.2%)	0.29
Attendance at prepregnancy care	108 (58.4%)	21 (17.2%)	<0.001
Folic acid	129 (69.7%)	66 (54.1%)	0.001
1st trimester HbA1c % (mmol/mol)	7.20 ± 1.48 (55.0 ± 4.5)	7.06 ± 1.63 (54.0 ± 4.6)	0.47
3rd trimester HbA1c % (mmol/mol)	6.28 ± 0.88 (45.0 ± 2.6)	6.37 ± 0.96 (46.0 ± 2.9)	0.43
Years 2006–2008	48 (25.9%)	84 (68.9%)
Years 2009–2012	137 (74.1%)	38 (31.1%)

Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), number of patients, and % of group.