Antidiabetic and Renoprotective Effects of Cladophora glomerata Kützing Extract in Experimental Type 2 Diabetic Rats: A Potential Nutraceutical Product for Diabetic Nephropathy

Figure 4

Effects of Cladophora glomerata on PAH transport by rOat1 and rOat3 and their mRNA expressions. (a) Rat renal cortical slices were incubated for 30 min in the buffer containing 5 μM of [³H]-PAH at room temperature. Data are expressed as tissue to medium ratios (T/M), that is, tissue content (DPM/mg) ÷ medium (DPM/μL), and represented as mean ± SD. Each experiment was performed from separate animals and at least 5 renal slices were used in each condition ( = 6–8). (b) Rat renal cortical slices were preincubated for 30 min in the presence or absence of 30 μg/mL of insulin and followed by incubation with classical substrate of organic anion transporters, 5 μM of [³H]-PAH for 30 min. Data are expressed as fold over control (without insulin). Each experiment was performed from separate sets of animals and 5 renal slices were used in each condition (). indicates significant differences from the slices incubated with buffer alone. (c) Rat Oat1 and (d) Rat Oat3 mRNA expressions in renal cortical tissues. Total RNAs were extracted from rat cortical tissues from each animal and rOat1 and 3 mRNA levels were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The data are expressed as mean ± SD and repeated from separate animals ( = 5–7).

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