Antidiabetic and Renoprotective Effects of Cladophora glomerata Kützing Extract in Experimental Type 2 Diabetic Rats: A Potential Nutraceutical Product for Diabetic Nephropathy

Figure 5

Effects of Cladophora glomerata extract on PKCα expression, activation, and translocation in renal cortical tissues. Whole cell lysate, cytosolic, and nuclei fractions were extracted from rat renal cortical tissues. The samples were then separated using electrophoresis and western blotting. (a) Anti-PKCα and (b) p-PKCα antibodies were subsequently detected while anti-Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and anti-β-actin antibodies were used as a membrane marker and loading control, respectively. The data are expressed as mean ± SD and repeated from separate sets of animals (). A representative blot of PKCα and p-PKCα protein expressions is shown in top panel ((a) and (b)) and quantification of relative protein expression in each fraction is presented in bottom panel ((a) and (b)).

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