Towards Patient-Oriented Diabetes Care: Results from Two KORA Surveys in Southern Germany
Table 2
Descriptive statistics.
Percentage of total ()a
Care processes
Medical examinations (>once/last 12 months)
Eye exam
68.7
Feet exam
50.3
HbA1c testing
62.5
Blood pressure
95.3
Protein/urine testing
74.8
Dietary advice
57.9
Advice on physical exercise
56.0
Frequency of medical exams/adviceb (0,7)c
4.2 (2.2)d
Diabetes education (ever)
51.4
Number of education classes (0,15)c
1.0 (1.8)d
Treatment satisfaction (1,7) (last weeks)
5.3 (1.6)d
Quality of patient/physician relationship (past 12 months)
Comprehensibility of information
87.2
Opportunity to ask questions
90.0
Shared decision-making
84.7
Psychological support
77.7
Frequency of positive ratingsb (0,4)c
2.9 (1.5)d
Multiprofessional care (past 12 months)
Dietician
16.6
Podiatrist
24.0
Frequency of multiprofessional care inputb (0,2)c
0.3 (0.6)d
Patient outcomes
Self-monitoring (monthly or more %)
Blood pressure
73.0
Weight
80.6
Feet
69.8
Blood glucose
64.6
Patients’ adherence to physician’s recommendationse
Medication
90.0 (18.2)e
Physical activity
38.9 (28.2)e
Diet
41.5 (18.1)e
Feet care
81.6 (25.3)e
Health behaviour
Physical activity ≥2 hour/week
14.0
Nonsmoking
87.9
Alcohol use p.d. (≤20 g men; ≤10 g women)
72.8
Complications (% ever diagnosed)
Retinopathy
9.0
Poor blood circulation in legs
21.4
Peripheral neuropathy
29.3
Microalbuminuria
12.2
Adverse conditions associated with diabetes (last 6 months)
Hyperglycemia
60.8
Hypoglycemia
51.1
Health-related quality of life SF-12
Physical score (PCS-12)
41.5 (10.2)d
Mental score (MCS-12)
49.8 (11.0)d
missings are excluded; bsummary variables used in multivariate analysis. Missings are set to “0” or imputed with mean value in the case of treatment satisfaction; crange (min,max); dmean (SD); epercentage with no difficulties to adhere (percentage stating “does not apply to me”).
