Serum Cystatin C, Markers of Chronic Kidney Disease, and Retinopathy in Persons with Diabetes
Table 1
Characteristics of participants by moderate DR status.
No or mild DR
Moderate DR
value*
( = 1,004)
( = 115)
Age (years)
59.6 (9.8)
60.6 (8.2)
0.29
Women, %
454 (45.2)
49 (42.6)
0.59
Current smokers, %
131 (13.05)
9 (7.83)
0.11
Alcohol drinkers, %
140 (13.9)
10 (8.7)
0.12
Hypertension, %
686 (68.5)
92 (80)
0.01
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
139 (19)
145 (21)
0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
78 (10)
76 (10)
0.08
BMI (kg/m2)
27.14 (5.03)
25.53 (4.39)
0.001
LDL-cholesterol
3.07 (0.95)
3.02 (0.10)
0.63
HDL-cholesterol
1.02 (0.29)
1.07 (0.41)
0.17
Blood glucose, mmol/L
9.51 (4.22)
12.08 (6.29)
<0.001
HbA1c, mmol/mol
59
69
<0.001
HbA1c, (%)
7.5 (1.5)
8.5 (2.0)
<0.001
Duration of diabetes, years
9.5 (8.2)
17.0 (10.5)
<0.001
eGFRcr (mL/min/1.73 m2)
87 (18)
73 (26)
<0.001
eGFRcys (mL/min/1.73 m2)
82 (22)
68 (27)
<0.001
ACR (mg/g)
57.5 (213)
638.7 (3055)
<0.001
DR: diabetic retinopathy; BMI: body mass index; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; eGFRcr: estimated glomerular filtration rate by serum creatinine; eGFRcys: estimated glomerular filtration rate by serum cystatin C; ACR: albumin to creatinine ratio. Data presented are proportions or means and standard deviation as appropriate for the variable. value represents difference in characteristics by moderate DR status by analysis of variance or the chi-square test.
