Review Article

Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development

Box 1

Positive psychology intervention outline.
Week 1 (if initial exercise completed together with the interventionist rather than independently):
   (i) Provision and review of treatment manual
   (ii) Discussion of rationale for PP intervention and potential health benefits
   (iii) Introduction of initial exercise (Gratitude for Positive Events)
   (iv) Rating of optimism/positive affect
   (v) Completion of exercise, and recording of exercise and its effects in the manual
   (vi) Rating of optimism/positive affect and ease/utility of exercise post-completion
   (vii) Review of exercise with study trainer
   (viii) Assignment of second exercise (Personal Strengths)
Week 2:
   (i) Participant independently completes tasks prior to phone session
    (a) Rating of optimism/positive affect immediately pre-completion
    (b) Completion of exercise and recording of details/effects
    (c) Ratings of optimism/positive affect, along with ease/utility of exercise
   (ii) Phone session with interventionists
    (a) Review of exercise with study trainer
    (b) Discussion of adapting skills to daily life, recording favorite skills
    (c) Assignment of third exercise (Gratitude Letter)
Weeks 3-4:
   (i) Weekly exercise completion (independently)
   (ii) Weekly phone sessions (for review, skill building, and assignment of next exercise)
Weeks 6–10:
   (i) Bi-weekly exercises
    (a) Weeks 8 and 10 can be choice from prior exercises and/or Acts of Kindness
   (ii) Bi-weekly phone sessions
Week 12:
   (i) Review of final exercise
   (ii) Discussion of skills implementation into daily life with completion of 4-week plan