A Family History of Diabetes Modifies the Association between Elevated Urine Albumin Concentration and Hyperglycemia in Nondiabetic Mexican Adolescents

Table 2

Metabolic syndrome and metabolic markers by urine albumin concentration group, stratified according to family history of diabetes.

Metabolic syndrome and metabolic markers	Normal UAC	Elevated UAC	p value^‡
	( = 451); %	( = 64); %
Without family history of diabetes ( = 422)
Waist circumference (cm, mean ± SD)	74.9 ± 10.3	71.0 ± 6.9	0.013
Percent body fat (%, mean ± SD)	28.9 ± 11.1	26.4 ± 8.9	0.120
Obesity	7.9	3.7	0.403
Abdominal obesity	13.9	5.6	0.124
High glucose	9.8	7.4	0.803
High insulin	15.3	7.4	0.147
High HOMA-IR^a	13.4	7.4	0.275
High blood pressure	8.2	7.4	1.000
High triglycerides	13.6	7.4	0.276
High total cholesterol	7.1	3.7	0.558
Low HDL-C	57.7	63.0	0.456
High LDL-C	8.7	7.4	1.000
MetS	7.9	3.7	0.403
Number of MetS components^b, (mean ± SD)	1.03 ± 1.03	0.91 ± 0.76	0.730
With family history of diabetes ( = 87)
Waist circumference (cm, mean ± SD)	79.2 ± 10.1	76.8 ± 9.4	0.504
Percent body fat (%, mean ± SD)	34.2 ± 11.6	27.3 ± 15.6	0.225
Obesity	21.8	11.1	0.678
Abdominal obesity	26.9	44.4	0.272
High glucose	5.1	44.4	0.003
High insulin	23.1	11.1	0.411
High HOMA-IR^a	19.2	11.1	1.000
High blood pressure	7.7	0.0	1.000
High triglycerides	20.5	22.2	1.000
High total cholesterol	11.5	11.1	1.000
Low HDL-C	57.7	77.8	0.304
High LDL-C	16.7	11.1	1.000
MetS	16.7	22.2	0.650
Number of MetS components^b, (mean ± SD)	1.18 ± 1.09	1.89 ± 1.17	0.069

HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HOMA-IR: insulin resistance, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, MetS: metabolic syndrome, and UAC: urine albumin concentration.
^‡Chi square test, Fisher’s exact test, Student’s -test, or Wilcoxon rank sum test.
^aHOMA-IR = fasting insulin (μU/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5.
^bIncluding abdominal obesity.