Review Article
Diabetic Retinopathy: Vascular and Inflammatory Disease
Table 1
Mechanisms influencing inflammatory responses in diabetes.
| Factor | Function |
| Apoptotic cell death | Alteration of retinal structures and stimulation of the release of inflammatory mediators |
| Hyperglycemia | Upregulation of inflammatory molecule expression, promoting leukostasis, and increasing vascular permeability |
| Oxidative stress | Increasing inflammation and vascular permeability |
| Metabolism of fatty acids | Inducing inflammatory responses in the retina |
| AGE/RAGE interaction | Enhancing retinal inflammation |
| Hypertension | Increasing inflammation through the expression of retinal VEGF and ICAM-1 |
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