Association of a Large Panel of Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms with Complications and Comorbidities in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Table 2

Clinical and laboratorial characteristics in T2D patients considering nephropathy (DNP).

Variables	Diabetic nephropathy
	Yes ()	No ()
Age (years)	58.00 (13.00)	50.50 (9.00)	<0.0001
Gender (male/female) %	21.25/78.75	10.00/90.00	0.348
BMI (Kg/m^2)	30.48 ± 6.06	40.55 ± 5.23	<0.0001
Hypertension (yes/ no) %	90.00/10.00	100.00/0	0.204
Dyslipidemia (yes/no) %	96.25/3.75	85.00/15.00	0.092
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	143.00 (97.50)	117.00 (55.50)	0.027
Postprandial glucose (mg/dL)	214.00 (107.50)	144.50 (122.25)	0.045
HbA1c %	9.24 ± 1.88	7.73 ± 1.84	0.006
T2D onset (years) %
≤5	11.54^b	47.37	0.001
5–10	14.10	15.79
≥10	74.36^a	36.84

BMI: body mass index and HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.
Normal variables (BMI and HbA1c): the data are shown as mean ± standard deviation.
No normal variables (age, fasting glucose, and postprandial glucose): the data are shown as median (interquartile range).
Categorical variables (gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and T2D onset): the data are shown as “percentage of total.”
was considered statistically significant.
^aMore frequent; ^bless frequent, residual analysis.