Differential Effects of Leptin and Adiponectin in Endothelial Angiogenesis

Table 1

Differential effects of fAD, gAD, and leptin in endothelial cells.

Induced effect in endothelial cells [EC]	fAD (dose and time duration of response)	gAD (dose and time duration of response)	Leptin (dose and time duration of response)
Receptors	AdipoR1 and AdipoR2	Predominantly AdipoR1	OB-R (both short and long forms)
In vitro proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis	HUVECs-30 ug/mL-24 hrs-angiogenesis [31]; HAECs-30 μg/mL-24 hrs-↓migration [32]; PAEs-1 g/mL-24 hrs-↓proliferation and migration [33]; HAECs-0.5 g/mL-24 hrs-↓VEGF migration [34]; HMECs-3.0 µg/mL-24 hrs-↓proliferation [35]	BAECs-5 mg/mL-↓ox-LDL induced EC proliferation [36]; EPCs-20 μg/mL-24 hrs-migration-angiogenesis [37]; HAECs-0.5 g/mL 24 hrs-; ↓VEGF induced EC migration [34]; HMECs-3.0 g/mL-24 hrs-proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis [35]	[(HUVECs)-(10–40 ng/mL)-24 hrs]-proliferation and angiogenesis [38]
EC inflammation and mediators	[(HAECs)-50 ug/mL-18 hrs-↓TNF- induced NF-κβ [32]]	[HUVECs-10 ug/mL-8 hrs- NF-κβ activation [39]; (HUVECs)-3 ug/mL-5 hrs-↑procoagulability [40]; (HAECs)-10 ug/mL-8 hrs-↑adhesion, VCAM-1/COX-2 via NF-κβ pathways [41]	(HUVECs)-10-ng/mL-1 hr NF-κβ activation, MCP-1 production, and ↑ROS production [42]; (HCAECs)-10 ng/mL-↑TF expression and activity, ↑VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin expression and EC-monocyte adhesion [43]]
eNOS and NO production	(HUVECs)-30 ug/mL--AMPK-eNOS phosphorylation [31]	(EPCs)-5 μg/mL-eNOS phosphorylation and NO production [37]]	(HAECs)-10 ng/mL-eNOS phosphorylation and ↑NO production [44]].

The in vitro effects of fAD, gAD, and leptin differ on the concentration, time duration of peptide exposure, and the type of endothelial cells. BAECs: bovine aortic endothelial cells, EC: endothelial cell, eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase, EPCs: endothelial progenitor cells, E-selectin: endothelial selectin, fAD: full length adiponectin, gAD: globular adiponectin, HAECs: human aortic endothelial cells, HCAECs: human coronary artery endothelial cells, HMECs: human microvascular endothelial cells, HUVECs: human umbilical vein endothelial cells, ICAM-1: intercellular cell adhesion molecule, MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, PAEs: porcine aortic endothelial cells, ROS: reactive oxygen species, TF: tissue factor, TNF: tumour necrosis factor alpha, VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule, NF-κβ: nuclear factor kappa beta, and VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.