Cardiovascular Control during Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figure 2

(a) Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) on the dynamic response of pulmonary oxygen uptake during submaximal exercise below the ventilatory threshold. DM blunts the cardiodynamic phase (“1”) and slows the rise (increases the time constant) of the primary phase (“2”). Note that a third phase (“slow component”) is observed at higher intensities and can also be observed in a minority of subjects below the ventilatory threshold, but the effect of DM on this phase is not clear. (b) Effect of DM on the dynamic response of limb blood flow and vascular conductance during submaximal contractions (calf muscle). DM blunts the fast growth phase (“1”), has minimal effect on the rapid decay phase (“2”), and slows the rise (increases the time constant) of the slow growth phase (“3”). Note that a fourth phase, a slow decay, is observed in some subjects but it is not shown in this figure and the effect of DM on it is not clear.

(a)

(b)