Liraglutide, a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analog, Increased Insulin Sensitivity Assessed by Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp Examination in Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Baseline clinical characteristics.

	Total patients; (n = 31)	Liraglutide; (n = 16)	Intensive insulin; (n = 15)	value
Age (years)	61.1 ± 10.5	62.3 ± 12.8	59.8 ± 7.7	P = 0.53
Sex (male)	71.0%	81.3%	60.0%	P = 0.19
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	26.6 ± 2.7	27.3 ± 2.7	25.8 ± 2.5	P = 0.12
Hypertension	77.4%	75.0%	80.0%	P = 0.74
Dyslipidemia	58.1%	62.5%	53.3%	P = 0.61
Current smoking	19.4%	12.5%	26.7%	P = 0.39
Duration of diabetes (years)	11.1 ± 9.4	11.8 ± 9.2	10.3 ± 9.9	P = 0.67
Family history of diabetes	58.6%	43.8%	73.3%	P = 0.15
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	8.8 ± 1.0	8.7 ± 1.0	8.9 ± 0.9	P = 0.66
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)	151.6 ± 31.7	149.8 ± 33.3	153.6 ± 30.9	P = 0.74
Fasting blood insulin (µU/mL)	8.5 (4.5–14.3)	9.0 (4.8–17.0)	5.2 (4.1–12.5)	P = 0.17
Fasting blood CPR (ng/mL)	2.2 ± 1.1	2.4 ± 1.2	2.0 ± 0.9	P = 0.35
Antidiabetic medicines	—	—	—	—
Sulfonylureas	28.5%	25.0%	26.0%	P = 0.92
Metformin	12.9%	12.5%	13.3%	P = 1.00
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor	6.5%	6.3%	6.7%	P = 1.00
DPP-4 inhibitor	16.1%	12.5%	20.0%	P = 0.65
Insulin	35.5%	43.8%	26.7%	P = 0.46
Insulin use (units/day)	29.7 ± 18.2	33.9 ± 20.6	23.8 ± 14.3	P = 0.34

CPR: C-peptide radioimmunoreactivity; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase.