Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Protects Glomerular Podocytes from Inflammatory Injuries

Figure 1

The expression of PACAP receptors within kidney. (a) The expression of PACAP/VIP family receptors transcripts were evaluated by RT-PCR. Lane 1: RNA from cerebellum used for positive control; lane 2: RNA from isolated glomeruli; lane 3: RNA from cultured podocyte. ((b), (c)) Immunohistochemistry using anti-VPAC1 antibody showed that VPAC1 protein was localized in glomeruli ((b), low magnification) and primarily localized in podocytes ((c), high magnification). Anti-podocalyxin antibody was used as a marker for podocytes. Arrowheads indicated glomeruli. (d) Expression of VPAC1 protein was evaluated by immunoblotting using anti-VPAC1 specific antibody.

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