Flow Mediated Dilatation Is Reduced with the Progressive Stages of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients without Coronary Heart Disease
Table 1
The clinical characteristics of the study subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Type 2 diabetes
Nondiabetic subjects
Number estimated
All
CHD
Number estimated
All
CHD
Absent
Present
Absent
Present
()
()
()
()
()
()
Age (years)
480
240
Male (%)
480
63
61
68
240
66
61
69
Duration of diabetes mellitus (years)
442
—
—
—
—
Current smoker (%)
477
32
30
35
239
30
40
Body mass index (kg/m2)
480
Obesity (%)
480
48
50
43
240
21
Medication
Insulin use (%)
480
33
33
32
—
—
—
—
RAS inhibitor use (%)
480
51
48
240
55
36
Statin use (%)
480
50
39
240
48
23
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors use (%)
480
15
13
19
240
13
12
13
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
479
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
479
Hypertension (%)
480
81
77
240
79
HbA1c (%)
449
222
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
473
231
Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (%)
480
54
44
240
50
25
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
474
228
Hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia (%)
474
30
26
228
4
37
45
Serum uric acid (mol/L)
469
236
Hyperuricemia (%)
479
39
36
43
239
44
35
Serum creatinine (mol/L)
480
240
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
480
240
GFR stage
G1/G2/G3a/G3b/G4/G5 (%)
480
24/38/16/11/6/5
30/40/13/9/5/4
12/36/23/14/8/
240
27/48/22/8/3/3
17/43/25/9/2/3
17/51/20/7/3/3
Albuminuria stage
A1/A2/A3 (%)
447
45/32/23
46/34/20
42/29/29
131
60/33/8
66/26/8
51/42/7
Diabetic retinopathy (%)
378
44
40
—
—
—
—
Diabetic neuropathy (%)
371
60
55
—
—
—
—
ABI
455
211
baPWV (cm/s)
455
211
cIMT (mm)
418
165
RAS inhibitors: renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers). Xanthine oxidase inhibitors: allopurinol or febuxostat. and versus the subjects without CHD. and versus the subjects with type 2 diabetes.
