Longitudinal Analysis of Adiponectin through 20-Year Type 1 Diabetes Duration
Table 1
Characteristics for Wisconsin Diabetes Registry Study participants with adiponectin tested.
Characteristics
1-year exam
4-year exam
7-year exam
9-year exam
20-year exam
184
231
137
187
304
Male, %
52%
49%
48%
53%
49%
White, %
98%
98%
97%
98%
97%
Diabetes duration, years
0.4 (0.2)
3.4 (0.3)
6.5 (0.3)
9.3 (0.7)
19.7 (1.2)
Age at diagnosis, years
10.9 (6.8)
11.2 (6.8)
10.8 (6.5)
11.4 (7.3)
11.3 (7.0)
0–4 years
18%
16%
18%
18%
17%
5–9 years
33%
32%
31%
32%
32%
10–14 years
25%
28%
27%
23%
25%
15–19 years
12%
12%
13%
14%
12%
≥20 years
11%
11%
10%
13%
13%
Age at exam, years
11.3 (6.8)
14.6 (6.8)
17.3 (6.5)
20.8 (7.4)
30.9 (7.0)
Tanner
1
58%
33%
16%
5%
0%
2
2%
5%
10%
4%
0%
3
7%
7%
5%
7%
0%
4
13%
20%
16%
13%
0%
5
19%
34%
53%
71%
100%
Intensive insulin management, %
15%
46%
67%
74%
94%
Insulin pump, %
0%
0%
0.7%
11%
48%
Insulin dose (units/kg/day)
0.49 (0.30)
0.77 (0.27)
0.85 (0.26)
0.88 (0.29)
0.75 (0.30)
HbA1c, %*
7.3 (1.7)
9.0 (1.8)
9.1 (1.6)
8.8 (1.7)
8.0 (1.5)
HbA1c, mmol/mol*
56 (18.6)
75 (19.7)
76 (17.5)
73 (18.6)
64 (16.4)
BMI, kg/m2
19.5 (3.5)
21.3 (4.2)
22.8 (4.3)
25.2 (5.0)
28.3 (5.9)
Weight, kg
42 (22)
53 (22)
61 (20)
72 (20)
84 (20)
Waist, cm
65 (11)
71 (11)
76 (11)
83 (12)
86 (14)
Waist-hip ratio
0.84 (0.06)
0.81 (0.06)
0.81 (0.05)
0.81 (0.06)
0.82 (0.08)
Systolic/diastolic BP, mmHg
101 (13)/64 (10)
105 (13)/67 (9)
108 (12)/73 (8)
112 (11)/71 (9)
122 (13)/77 (9)
Micro/macroalbuminuria, %*
3.4%/0%
7.5%/0%
4.1%/0%
4.0%/1.7%
6.8%/4.3%
(UACR), units*
2.1 (0.6)
2.1 (0.8)
2.0 (0.7)
2.2 (1.0)
2.1 (1.3)
Antihypertension med. use, %
0%
0.4%
1%
7%
29%
Lipid lowering med. use, %
0.5%
0.4%
0%
3%
23%
Adiponectin, mg/L
11.9 (6.4)
11.4 (5.5)
11.3 (5.5)
10.2 (5.7)
10.2 (7.1)
Median adiponectin, mg/L
10.2
10.4
9.8
9.0
8.6
Entries are means (SD) and %. *Missing data; with data: for HbA1c, n = 159 at 1 yr; for UACR, n = 148 at 1 yr, n = 201 at 4 yr, n = 122 at 7 yr, n = 175 at 9 yr, and n = 278 at 20 yr exam.
