Beneficial Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Gestational Diabetes: Consequences in Macrosomia and Adulthood Obesity

Table 1

Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on antioxidant status as reported by various investigators. This table is adapted from our previous study, Yessoufou et al., Int. J Obesity, 2006 [27].

Antioxidant status	Species	Omega-3 PUFA level in the diet	References
Decreased	Diabetic rats	10% of diet (considered as excessive)	Cho and Coi, 1994 [83]
Decreased	Healthy humans	EPA: 2.5 g/day; DHA: 1.8 g/day	Wander and Du, 2000 [84]
Decreased	Healthy humans	6.26 g/day for 6 weeks	Allard et al., 1997 [85]
Decreased	Patients with myocardial infarction	850–882 mg/day (EPA + DHA) for 1 year	Grundt et al., 2003 [86]
Decreased	Diabetic rats	Fish oil	Yilmaz et al., 2002 [8]
Unchanged	Healthy humans	4 g/day (n-3) PUFA for 5 weeks	Hansen et al., 1998 [87]
Unchanged	Rats	n-3 fatty acid-rich diet (fish oil)	Ando et al., 1998 [88]
Unchanged	Hyperlipidemic patients	4 g/day (DHA or EPA)	Nordøy et al., 1998 [89]
Improvement	Diabetic humans	EPA: 1.08 g/day; DHA: 0.72 g/day	Kesavulu et al., 2002 [90]
Improvement	Diabetic rats	2.1% of diet	Yessoufou et al., 2006 [27]