Immunological Hypoglycemia Associated with Insulin Antibodies Induced by Exogenous Insulin in 11 Chinese Patients with Diabetes
Table 1
General data of 11 cases with immunological hypoglycemia associated with IAbs.
Case
Sex
Age
BMI
Course of diabetes
Duration of insulin treatment
Serum ALT
Serum AST
Serum creatinine
eGFR
Insulin types
Frequency of insulin use
Insulin dosage
Type of hypoglycemia*
Frequency of hypoglycemia in first week during hospitalization
M/F
Years
kg/m2
Months
Months
IU/L
IU/L
umol/L
mL/min/1.73 m2
Times/day
IU/day
Episodes/week
1
F
77
21.23
5
4
38
48
54.3
100.28
NovoMix 30
2
14
Before breakfast
5
2
F
55
18.73
36
5
8
14
64.3
88.34
NovoRapid
3†
12†
Before breakfast
1
3
M
46
21.88
8
7
15
21
89.9
88.07
NovoMix 30
2
22
Before lunch
3
4
F
77
25.54
48
21
13
15
83.0
58.80
NovoMix 30
2
16
At night
1
5
M
62
21.64
24
12
26
24
94.1
74.48
NovoRapid +Lantus
4
20†
At night
2
6
M
79
NA
120
108
15
15
112.0
58.30
NovoRapid
2
40
At night
1
7
M
70
19.90
12
1
27
38
89.4
77.50
Humalog Mix25
2
14
At night
10
8
M
71
20.34
204
4
32
26
73.7
96.57
Humalog Mix25
2
8
Before dinner
4
9
M
65
20.76
96
0.13
38
35
66.1
111.48
NovoRapid
3
14
Before breakfast
6
10
M
61
NA
72
4
40
34
74.4
99.64
Wan Sulin 30R#
NA
NA
At night
4
11
M
82
NA
180
12
26
16
82.0
76.44
Novolin 30R
NA
16
At night
2
M: male, F: female, BMI: body mass index, ALT: alanine transaminase, AST: aspartate transaminase, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, and NA: not available. *Type of hypoglycemia, namely, preprandial or postprandial (defined as 2 hours from meal) and at night (defined as between 10:00 p.m. and 06:00 a.m.), was classified as the time range when more than half of hypoglycemic episodes occurred. †These data were obtained via phone calls, which might lead to some recall biases. #Wan Sulin 30R contained 30% porcine insulin and 70% protamine zinc porcine insulin, which was produced by Wanbang Biopharmaceuticals in China.
