Immunological Hypoglycemia Associated with Insulin Antibodies Induced by Exogenous Insulin in 11 Chinese Patients with Diabetes
Table 3
Characteristics of the patients with unexpected hypoglycemia and patients without unexpected hypoglycemia.
Variable
Patients with unexpected hypoglycemia ()
Patients without unexpected hypoglycemia ()
value
Male (%)
8 (72.73)
8 (72.73)
1.000
Age, median (IQR), years
70 (61–77)
70 (60–77)
0.608
BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2
21.00 (19.90–21.64)
25.15 (20.06–29.07)
0.036
Course of diabetes, median (IQR), months
48 (12–120)
120 (84–156)
0.139
Duration of insulin treatment, median (IQR), months
5 (4–12)
36 (24–60)
0.050
Serum ALT, median (IQR), IU/L
26 (15–38)
23 (20–34)
0.722
Serum AST, median (IQR), IU/L
24 (15–35)
25 (23–30)
0.683
Serum creatinine, median (IQR), umol/L
82.0 (66.1–89.9)
88.0 (74.0–106.0)
0.328
eGFR, median (IQR), mL/min/1.73 m2
88.07 (74.48–99.64)
72.49 (51.05–93.96)
0.374
Insulin dosage, median (IQR), IU/day
15 (14–20)
26 (24–30)
0.016
Fasting status on admission
PG, median (IQR), mmol/L
5.93 (4.52–6.30)
8.89 (7.19–12.17)
0.041
Serum IRI*, median (IQR), pmol/L
hi (2437.20–hi)†
69.12 (29.82–93.42)
0.003
Serum CPR, median (IQR), nmol/L
1.810 (1.010–3.130)
0.768 (0.462–0.905)
0.010
After meal tolerance test 2 h on admission
PG, median (IQR), mmol/L
17.86 (16.66–21.00)
19.34 (16.20–21.14)
0.657
Serum IRI*, median (IQR), pmol/L
hi (hi–hi)†
187.62 (113.88–339.36)
0.003
Serum CPR, median (IQR), nmol/L
3.350 (3.100–4.220)
1.470 (1.350–1.840)
0.003
HbA1c
median (IQR), %
6.4 (5.9–7.3)
8.3 (6.7–11.8)
0.041
median (IQR), mmol/mol
46 (41–51)
67 (50–105)
Frequency of hypoglycemia in first week during hospitalization, median (IQR), episodes/week
3 (1–5)
1 (0-1)
0.007
BMI: body mass index, ALT: alanine transaminase, AST: aspartate transaminase, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, PG: plasma glucose, IRI: immunoreactive insulin, and CPR: C-peptide reactivity. *Insulin concentration conversion formula was described as: U/mL 6 = pmol/L (http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/site/misc/SIunits.pdf). †hi was defined as insulin >6000.00 pmol/L.
