Journal of Diabetes Research / 2015 / Article / Tab 3 / Research Article
Illness Perception and Depressive Symptoms among Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study in Clinical Settings in Nepal Table 3 Distribution of depressive symptoms by sociodemographic characteristics and behavior factors.
Characteristics Depressive symptoms Total valueNo (%) Yes (%) Age group 20–30 2 (0.5) 3 (0.8) 5 (1.3) 0.001 31–40 27 (7.1) 15 (4) 42 (11.1) 41–50 45 (11.9) 35 (9.2) 80 (21.1) 51–60 87 (23) 43 (11.3) 130 (34.3) 61–70 51 (13.5) 71 (18.7) 122 (32.2) Sex Male 131 (34.6) 58 (15.3) 189 (49.9) 0.000 Female 81 (21.4) 109 (28.8) 190 (50.1) Family type Nuclear 187 (49.3) 138 (36.4) 325 (85.8) 0.123 Joint 25 (6.6) 29 (7.7) 54 (14.2) Place of residence Urban 181 (47.8) 140 (36.9) 321 (84.7) 0.678 Rural 31 (8.2) 27 (7.1) 58 (15.3) Ethnicity Chhetri 37 (9.8) 24 (6.3) 61 (16.1) 0.347 Brahman 47 (12.4) 40 (10.6) 87 (23) Newar 102 (26.9) 76 (20.1) 178 (47) Janajati 16 (4.2) 22 (5.8) 38 (10) Others 10 (2.6) 5 (1.3) 15 (4) Religion Hindu 185 (48.8) 145 (38.3) 330 (87.1) 0.9 Others 27 (7.1) 22 (5.8) 49 (12.9) Occupation Job 58 (15.3) 22 (5.8) 80 (21.1) 0.000 Business 49 (12.9) 20 (5.3) 69 (18.2) Farming 19 (5) 18 (4.7) 37 (9.8) Homemaker 39 (10.3) 74 (19.5) 113 (29.8) Jobless 16 (4.2) 14 (3.7) 30 (7.9) Others 31 (8.2) 19 (5) 50 (13.2) Education level No formal education 18 (4.7) 66 (17.4) 84 (22.2) 0.000 Less than primary 4 (1.1) 3 (0.8) 7 (1.8) Primary 32 (8.4) 38 (10) 70 (18.5) Secondary 55 (14.5) 26 (6.9) 81 (21.4) Higher secondary 32 (8.4) 14 (3.7) 46 (12.1) Bachelor’s degree 45 (11.9) 11 (2.9) 56 (14.8) Master’s degree 26 (6.9) 9 (2.4) 35 (9.2) Socioeconomic status Lower 32 (8.2) 78 (20.6) 110 (29)
0.000 Upper lower 98 (25.9) 72 (19) 170 (44.9) Lower middle 45 (11.9) 7 (1.8) 52 (13.7) Upper middle 37 (9.8) 10 (2.6) 47 (12.4) Marital status Married 198 (52.2) 143 (37.7) 341 (90) 0.012 Others 14 (3.7) 24 (6.3) 38 (10) Alcohol consumption Yes 31 (8.2) 14 (3.7) 45 (11.9) 0.062 No 181 (47.8) 153 (40.4) 334 (88.1) Smoking Yes 25 (6.6) 11 (2.9) 36 (9.5) 0.86 No 187 (49.3) 156 (41.2) 343 (90.5) Mode of treatment Insulin 21 (5.5) 37 (9.8) 58 (15.3) 0.001 Oral medication 191 (50.4) 130 (34.3) 321 (84.7)
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