Increased DNA Dicarbonyl Glycation and Oxidation Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Link to Diabetic Nephropathy

Figure 1

(a) Formation of glycation and oxidation adducts of deoxyguanosine. The common 2′-deoxyribosyl group has been omitted for clarity. (b)–(i) Nucleotide glycation and oxidation adducts in plasma and urine of healthy controls subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes. Plasma: (b) GdG, (c) MGdG, (d) CEdG, and (e) 8-OxodG. Urine: (f) GdG, (g) MGdG, (h) CEdG, and (i) 8-OxodG. (j)–(l) Nucleotide glycation and oxidation adducts in plasma and urine in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without nephropathy. (j) Plasma 8-OxodG, (k) urinary GdG, and (l) urinary CE-dG. Data are median with the upper and lower quartile as error bars. Significance: , , and ; Mann-Whitney .