Impact of Gender on the Association of Epicardial Fat Thickness, Obesity, and Circadian Blood Pressure Pattern in Hypertensive Patients

Table 5

Comparison of ambulatory blood pressure parameters between male and female patients.

	Male ()	Female ()	value
EFT (mm)	5.9 ± 2.2	7.0 ± 2.6	<0.001
HR daytime (/min)	77.2 ± 11.6	76.5 ± 11.6	0.761
BPs daytime (mmHg)	141.7 ± 15.1	140.1 ± 15.7	0.218
BPs daytime variation (mmHg)	13.6 ± 4.45	15.1 ± 4.72	<0.001
BPd daytime (mmHg)	92.0 ± 12.0	89.5 ± 11.7	0.019
BPd daytime variation (mmHg)	12.1 ± 4.73	12.7 ± 5.02	0.196
HR nighttime (/min)	64.5 ± 10.0	65.0 ± 10.3	0.555
BPs nighttime (mmHg)	130.4 ± 15.8	129.1 ± 18.9	0.388
BPs nighttime variation (mmHg)	12.0 ± 4.23	12.4 ± 3.94	0.215
BPd nighttime (mmHg)	81.7 ± 12.4	79.7 ± 12.6	0.074
BPd nighttime variation (mmHg)	10.2 ± 4.11	9.97 ± 3.81	0.608
24-hour mean HR (/min)	73.7 ± 11.8	74.1 ± 9.30	0.680
24-hour mean HR variation	15.6 ± 7.45	14.3 ± 6.02	0.023
24-hour mean BP (mmHg)	138.8 ± 14.7	137.3 ± 15.3	0.043
24-hour mean BP variation (mmHg)	105.6 ± 12.1	103.4 ± 12.0	0.079
24-hour systolic BP (mmHg)	13.0 ± 4.02	13.6 ± 4.27	0.204
24-hour diastolic BP (mmHg)	89.4 ± 11.5	86.9 ± 11.2	0.012
24-hour systolic BP variation	14.8 ± 4.24	15.9 ± 4.43	0.002
24-hour diastolic BP variation	12.9 ± 4.27	13.3 ± 4.52	0.289

All values are presented as the mean ± SD. EFT: epicardial fat thickness; HR: heart rate; BPs: systolic blood pressure; BPd: diastolic blood pressure; BP: blood pressure.