Combination Therapy with Oleanolic Acid and Metformin as a Synergistic Treatment for Diabetes

Figure 7

Analysis of the liver protein expression levels of markers associated with glucose metabolism. (a) Effect of OA, metformin, and the combination on the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in mouse livers. After the experiment, the livers were harvested, and the phosphorylation of Akt, PI3K, and mTOR was measured using Western blotting. (b) Effect of OA, metformin, and the combination on the phosphorylation of AMPK and PCC in db/db mouse livers was evaluated using Western blotting. After the experiment, the livers were harvested, and the Akt phosphorylation was measured using Western blotting. (c) Effect of OA, metformin, and the combination on gluconeogenesis in mouse livers. The protein expression of PEPCK1, G-6-Pase, TORC, and phospho-CREB was evaluated using Western blotting.

(a)

(b)

(c)