Combination Therapy with Oleanolic Acid and Metformin as a Synergistic Treatment for Diabetes
Table 2
Comparison of characteristics of db/db mice with or without OA and/or metformin treatment.
Parameters
Vehicle group
Oleanolic acid (100 mg/kg)
Metformin (250 mg/kg)
Combination (350 mg/kg)
Weight gain (g)
4.13 ± 2.32
5.92 ± 1.98
5.60 ± 1.84
6.66 ± 1.59
Food intake (g/mouse)
7.49 ± 0.59
6.42 ± 0.45
6.03 ± 1.35
5.70 ± 1.33*
Water intake (mL/mouse/day)
2.85 ± 0.31
1.86 ± 0.52*
2.08 ± 0.47
1.66 ± 0.16*
Serum lipid (mmol/L)
Triglyceride
1.96 ± 0.45
1.34 ± 0.31
1.34 ± 0.39*
1.12 ± 0.15***
Total cholesterol
5.59 ± 0.43
5.45 ± 0.25
4.51 ± 0.38*
3.64 ± 0.49***,###,Δ
HDL-cholesterol
9.02 ± 0.97
7.54 ± 0.82**
5.87 ± 0.74**
5.01 ± 0.72***,##
LDL-cholesterol
1.93 ± 0.34
1.61 ± 0.54
1.03 ± 0.28*
0.95 ± 0.14**
Liver changes
Liver weight (g)
1.72 ± 0.23
1.58 ± 0.25
1.74 ± 0.37
1.57 ± 0.14
Liver index
0.0417 ± 0.0033
0.0389 ± 0.0039
0.0407 ± 0.0060
0.0408 ± 0.0030
Liver triglyceride (mg/g)
2.51 ± 0.46
2.35 ± 0.34
2.05 ± 0.36
1.91 ± 0.19
Liver total cholesterol (mg/g)
0.1012 ± 0.0507
0.0904 ± 0.0282
0.0727 ± 0.0229
0.0730 ± 0.0264
Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. , , and indicate significant differences for comparisons with the vehicle group; and indicate significant differences for comparisons with the OA monotherapy group, and indicates significant differences for comparisons with the metformin monotherapy group.
