Serum Magnesium Concentration Is Inversely Associated with Albuminuria and Retinopathy among Patients with Diabetes
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of patients with and without albuminuria and diabetic retinopathy.
Variables
Absence of albuminuria and retinopathy ()
Isolated albuminuria ()
Isolated retinopathy ()
Concomitance of albuminuria and retinopathy ()
Gender (male)
1064 (59.1)
306 (66.1)
285 (54.8)
185 (58.4)
Age (years)
55 ± 12
56 ± 12
56 ± 11
58 ± 10
Duration of diabetes (years)
4 (0.5–10)
5 (2–10)
8 (4–13)
11 (7–15)
BMI (kg/m2)
24.3 ± 3.7
25.9 ± 4.2
23.8 ± 3.5
25.2 ± 3.8
Blood pressure
SBP (mmHg)
127 ± 16
135 ± 19
130 ± 17
142 ± 20
DBP (mmHg)
79 ± 10
83 ± 11
79 ± 10
84 ± 10
HTN (%)
750 (44.9)
281 (64.7)
236 (51.8)
226 (78.2)
HbA1c (%)
9.3 ± 2.5
9.2 ± 2.1
9.2 ± 2.1
9.6 ± 2.2
FPG (mmol/L)
8.6 ± 3.6
9.2 ± 4.4
8.8 ± 3.5
9.7 ± 4.3
120 min PPG (mmol/L)
13.9 ± 4.6
14.0 ± 4.6
14.1 ± 4.7
14.0 ± 5.2
FCP (ng/mL)
1.64 (0.91–2.39)
2.09 (1.24–2.99)
1.32 (0.77–2.01)
1.58 (0.84–2.37)
30 min CP (ng/mL)
2.30 (1.25–3.58)
2.80 (1.67–4.14)
1.80 (1.05–2.83)
1.97 (1.06–3.04)
120 min CP (ng/mL)
3.79 (1.89–5.72)
4.31 (2.36–5.96)
2.83 (1.52–4.81)
2.76 (1.53–4.7)
TC (mmol/L)
4.68 ± 1.10
4.83 ± 1.18
4.56 ± 1.06
5.13 ± 1.40
TG (mmol/L)
1.34 (0.93–2.00)
1.68 (1.16–2.59)
1.29 (0.86–1.88)
1.56 (1.05–2.24)
HDL-C (mmol/L)
1.15 ± 0.33
1.05 ± 0.28
1.18 ± 0.34
1.15 ± 0.33
LDL-C (mmol/L)
3.08 ± 0.94
3.08 ± 1.01
2.94 ± 0.90
3.41 ± 1.23
Serum Mg2+
0.88 ± 0.07
0.86 ± 0.07
0.87 ± 0.07
0.85 ± 0.07
CRP (mg/L)
1.0 (0.5–2.4)
1.6 (0.8–4.2)
0.9 (0.4–1.9)
1.3 (0.5–3.1)
Data are medians (interquartile range), means ± standard deviations, or numbers (%). , comparison with subgroup of absence of albuminuria or retinopathy using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett analysis in regard to quantitative data and a Kruskal-Wallis for non-normally distributed data. BMI: body mass index, FPG: fasting plasma glucose, TC: total cholesterol, HTN: hypertension, TG: triglyceride, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FCP: fasting C-peptide, 30 min CP: 30-minute postprandial C-peptide, 120 min CP: 120-minute postprandial C-peptide, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, and CRP: C-reactive protein.
