Serum Magnesium Concentration Is Inversely Associated with Albuminuria and Retinopathy among Patients with Diabetes

Table 2

Association of serum Mg²⁺ with albuminuria and retinopathy.

Mg^2+ (mmol/L)	Isolated albuminuria		Isolated retinopathy		Albuminuria and retinopathy
	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
0.7–0.79	1	1	1	1	1	1
0.8–0.89	0.67 (0.49–0.90)	0.83 (0.58–1.19)	0.81 (0.60–1.09)	0.81 (0.57–1.15)	0.69 (0.49–0.99)	0.76 (0.49–1.17)
0.9–1.0	0.55 (0.41–0.75)	0.64 (0.44–0.92)	0.65 (0.48–0.88)	0.68 (0.47–0.97)	0.40 (0.27–0.58)	0.58 (0.37–0.91)
P value for trend	<0.001	0.009	0.004	0.030	<0.001	0.014
Per 0.1 mmol/L	0.76 (0.65–0.88)	0.79 (0.66–0.94)	0.81 (0.70–0.93)	0.83 (0.69–0.98)	0.62 (0.52–0.75)	0.76 (0.61–0.95)

Model 1: adjusted for gender, age, and duration of diabetes; Model 2: adjusted for gender, age, duration of diabetes, hypertension, BMI, HbA1c, TC, TG, and CRP.
Age, duration of diabetes, BMI, HbA1c, TC, TG, and CRP were analysed as continuous variables.
OR: odds ratio, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval, BMI: body mass index, TC: total cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, and CRP: C-reactive protein. ; .