Incretin-Based Therapy for Prevention of Diabetic Vascular Complications

Figure 2

Effect of exendin-4 treatment on inflammatory markers in EC-PKCβ2Tg mice. (a) CD68 mRNA expression in the renal cortex of each group. versus WT/NDM/exendin-4(−), versus WT/DM/exendin-4(−), and versus EC-PKCβ2Tg/DM/exendin-4(−). in nondiabetic WT + vehicle, nondiabetic WT + Ex-4, diabetic WT + vehicle, diabetic WT + Ex-4, nondiabetic EC-PKCβ2Tg + Ex-4, and diabetic EC-PKCβ2Tg + Ex-4 groups; in nondiabetic EC-PKCβ2Tg + vehicle and diabetic EC-PKCβ2Tg + vehicle groups. (b) PAI-1 mRNA expression in the renal cortex of each group. versus WT/NDM/exendin-4(−), versus WT/DM/exendin-4(−), and versus EC-PKCβ2Tg/DM/exendin-4(−). in nondiabetic WT + vehicle, nondiabetic WT + Ex-4, diabetic WT + vehicle, diabetic WT + Ex-4, nondiabetic EC-PKCβ2Tg + Ex-4, and diabetic EC-PKCβ2Tg + Ex-4 groups; in nondiabetic EC-PKCβ2Tg + vehicle and diabetic EC-PKCβ2Tg + vehicle groups. (c) CXCL2 mRNA expression in the renal cortex of each group. versus WT/NDM/exendin-4(−), versus WT/DM/exendin-4(−), and versus EC-PKCβ2Tg/DM/exendin-4(−). in nondiabetic WT + vehicle, nondiabetic WT + Ex-4, diabetic WT + vehicle, diabetic WT + Ex-4, nondiabetic EC-PKCβ2Tg + Ex-4, and diabetic EC-PKCβ2Tg + Ex-4 groups; in nondiabetic EC-PKCβ2Tg + vehicle and diabetic EC-PKCβ2Tg + vehicle groups. Reproduction from Mima et al. [11] with permission from Diabetes ©2012.

(a)

(b)

(c)