Renal Protective Effect of DPP-4 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cohort Study
Table 4
Subgroup analysis for sex, age, obesity, chronic kidney disease stage, and drug coadministration.
N
UACR 1 year before treatment
Baseline UACR
UACR 1 year after treatment
UACR change during 1 year before treatment
UACR change during 1 year after treatment
value‡
Sex
Male
224
127.2 ± 401.4
168.5 ± 541.8
135.6 ± 398.1
41.3 ± 227.3
−32.9 ± 282.6
<0.05
Female
190
212.4 ± 802.2
252.5 ± 979.7
194.3 ± 714.3
40.1 ± 380.4
−58.2 ± 419.5
<0.05
Age
≥65 years
133
153.2 ± 384.0
166.0 ± 551.2
151.7 ± 484.5
12.8 ± 231.3
−14.3 ± 273.4
0.66
<65 years
281
171.0 ± 715.1
226.5 ± 860.1
167.7 ± 600.9
55.5 ± 340.9
−58.8 ± 382.8
<0.05
Obesity
Obese
151
162.0 ± 654.5
232.5 ± 869.5
172.3 ± 585.1
70.5 ± 437.2
−60.2 ± 433.2
0.24
Nonobese
159
206.0 ± 770.5
256.8 ± 887.4
220.6 ± 691.7
50.8 ± 267.1
−36.2 ± 348.6
0.10
CKD
eGFR ≥ 90
41
131.2 ± 231.1
126.6 ± 491.6
62.2 ± 158.0
−4.6 ± 67.3
−64.4 ± 419.3
0.92
90 > eGFR ≥ 60
229
91.1 ± 496.3
104.6 ± 524.7
81.6 ± 368.7
13.5 ± 149.0
−23.0 ± 229.9
0.29
60 > eGFR ≥ 30
115
306.2 ± 652.8
338.2 ± 864.5
286.7 ± 716.5
32 ± 261.5
−51.5 ± 383.8
0.11
30 > eGFR ≥ 15
13
861.8 ± 1631.2
917.6 ± 2446.1
886.9 ± 1599.0
55.8 ± 1181.9
−30.7 ± 1074.0
0.27
Metformin
Yes
310
156.0 ± 573.2
187.5 ± 678.2
137.0 ± 508.3
21.9 ± 193.7
−50.5 ± 319.8
<0.05
No
104
174.6 ± 737.5
265.3 ± 1009.5
238.7 ± 707.0
90.7 ± 495.1
−26.6 ± 435.0
0.25
Sulfonylurea
Yes
289
170.4 ± 401.0
179.0 ± 560.8
153.7 ± 465.1
8.6 ± 171.4
−25.3 ± 310.1
0.46
No
125
130.9± 1039.6
271.9 ± 1122.5
182.9 ± 750.1
141 ± 537.1
−89 ± 431.5
<0.05
Statin
Yes
245
201.8 ± 752.9
259.6 ± 933.4
203.5 ± 687.3
57.8 ± 382.9
−56.1 ± 398.3
<0.05
No
169
114.5 ± 352.9
131.0 ± 445.5
103.3 ± 307.2
16.5 ± 142.1
−27.7 ± 271.1
0.54
RAS inhibitor
Yes
235
238.9 ± 765.7
299.3 ± 941.2
219.1 ± 645.9
60.4 ± 383.0
−80.2 ± 438.8
<0.05
No
179
73.3 ± 289.1
86.0 ± 447.5
88.4 ± 429.2
12.7 ± 140.7
2.4 ± 173.9
0.95
DPP-4i
Vildagliptin
136
185.6 ± 779.5
245.1 ± 855.5
191.2 ± 618.5
59.5 ± 266.2
−53.8 ± 257.1
0.08
Sitagliptin
96
208.0 ± 181.3
209.0 ± 590.3
143.9 ± 349.2
1.0 ± 88.3
−65.1 ± 479.4
0.66
Linagliptin
77
144.8 ± 776.5
243.2 ± 1073.1
200.4 ± 724.2
98.4 ±54.3
−42.8 ± 45.3
0.30
Saxagliptin
56
233.7 ± 530.9
221.1 ± 688.9
188.8 ± 709.8
−12.6 ± 206.5
−32.3 ± 287.4
0.20
Gemigliptin
48
3.3 ± 27.1
7.2 ± 44.8
12.3 ± 63.6
3.9 ± 28.8
5.1 ± 32.0
0.60
Data are presented as means ± standard deviation. Some patients were not included in the subgroup analyses due to missing data. CKD: chronic kidney disease; DPP-4i: dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; RAS: renin-angiotensin-system; UACR: urine albumincreatinine ratio.
