Research Article

Usability Pitfalls of Diabetes mHealth Apps for the Elderly

Table 1

Questionnaire used in testing, adapted from [22].

Main criterion/subcriteriaDescription of characteristicsAssessment criteria

ComprehensibilityUse of understandable semantics
(i) Avoidance of foreign language and technical terms
(ii) Use of generally intelligible symbols and terms (on buttons)
(iii) If necessary, provision of additional explanations
5-point Likert scale
(1 = does not apply at all;
5 = does fully apply)
Simple comprehensibility and interpretability of displayed images and depictions
(i) Self-explanatory images and depictions, understandable without further support and explanations
5-point Likert scale
(1 = does not apply at all;
5 = does fully apply)
Simple, self-explanatory menu structures
(i) Easily understandable and internally consistent menu structures
(ii) Avoidance of strong hierarchical menu structures and too many functionalities
5-point Likert scale
(1 = does not apply at all;
5 = does fully apply)

Presentation (Image and Text) Sufficient colour contrast
(i) Clear, distinguishable colours for images and depictions or choice of colour-neutral depictions
(ii) Avoidance of excessively glaring colours
5-point Likert scale
(1 = does not apply at all;
5 = does fully apply)
Large size of operating elements
(i) Sufficient size of screen as well as input and output fields
5-point Likert scale
(1 = does not apply at all;
5 = does fully apply)

UsabilityIntuitive usability
(i) Ability to use the application without prior knowledge
(ii) Ease of learning
(iii) Fast achievement of a first feeling of success
5-point Likert scale
(1 = does not apply at all;
5 = does fully apply)
Simple recognition of click-sensitive areas
(i) Simple distinction between click-sensitive and non-click-sensitive areas, also without prior knowledge of the features of the touchscreen technology
5-point Likert scale
(1 = does not apply at all;
5 = does fully apply)

General characteristicsHigh fault tolerance/efficient fault management
(i) Reducing probability of erroneous data input by limiting choice to meaningful values
(ii) Efficient proofreading mode and/or helpful user feedback, for example, in case of erroneous data input
5-point Likert scale
(1 = does not apply at all;
5 = does fully apply)