Levels of Serum 25(OH)VD3, HIF-1α, VEGF, vWf, and IGF-1 and Their Correlation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Different Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio
Table 1
Clinical characteristics and relative serum factors concentrations of type 2 diabetes patients and healthy controls.
Variable
Control
Normoalbuminuric
Microalbuminuric
Macroalbuminuric
(M/F)
224 (110/114)
201 (99/102)
171 (88/83)
130 (69/61)
Age (years)
48.32 ± 12.30
49.78 ± 8.02
50.48 ± 11.66
49.54 ± 10.75
Duration (years)
—
7.71 ± 5.00
10.22 ± 6.76
10.87 ± 5.21
BMI (Kg/m2)
24.39 ± 2.76
24.59 ± 3.03
24.94 ± 3.20
24.84 ± 2.22
FBG (mmol/L)
5.10 ± 0.33
10.12 ± 1.74
11.25 ± 2.88
10.49 ± 4.15
SBP (mmHg)
124.66 ± 6.10
125.46 ± 6.15
125.05 ± 6.80
125.80 ± 5.93
DBP (mmHg)
74.94 ± 6.21
75.77 ± 6.03
74.85 ± 6.53
76.01 ± 6.15
HbA1c (%)
5.24 ± 0.27
8.39 ± 1.67
8.75 ± 1.80
8.93 ± 2.10
HDL (mmol/L)
1.14 ± 0.20
1.10 ± 0.31
1.13 ± 0.25
1.14 ± 0.27
LDL (mmol/L)
2.54 ± 0.45
3.33 ± 0.58
3.48 ± 0.91
3.67 ± 1.18
TC (mmol/L)
4.01 ± 0.54
5.00 ± 0.74
5.20 ± 1.10
5.62 ± 1.06
TG (mmol/L)
1.21 ± 0.18
1.73 ± 0.77
2.46 ± 1.48
2.85 ± 1.85
UA (mmol/L)
287.14 ± 27.21
268.37 ± 73.60
301.88 ± 72.42
333.34 ± 42.44
Scr (μmol/L)
56.83 ± 9.05
59.33 ± 9.62
62.69 ± 9.66
68.29 ± 10.51
BUN (mmol/L)
4.74 ± 1.03
5.02 ± 0.86
5.90 ± 0.88
6.36 ± 1.01
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
116.92 (112.86~120.99)
125.10 (120.72~129.49)
114.99 (110.64~119.35)
91.98 (88.53~95.44)
Fg (g/L)
2.93 ± 0.77
3.13 ± 0.48
3.48 ± 1.02
3.67 ± 0.31
Ln(ACR)
1.72 ± 0.16
2.38 ± 0.45
4.19 ± 0.69
6.56 ± 0.55
FINS (mIU/L)
6.61 (6.47–6.75)
9.46 (8.92–10.00)
10.64 (9.65–11.63)
9.59 (8.70–10.48)
HOMA-IR
1.53 (1.49–6.75)
4.28 (3.83–4.72)
5.45 (4.82–6.09)
4.48 (3.95–5.02)
HIF-1α (pg/mL)
16.78 ± 6.73
24.38 ± 7.24
30.35 ± 4.93
33.22 ± 3.89
VEGF (pg/mL)
107.60 ± 28.49
130.55 ± 19.48
144.34 ± 23.70
181.28 ± 21.97
vWf (U/L)
372.62 ± 57.56
481.85 ± 62.94
598.49 ± 55.26
691.63 ± 64.35
IGF-1 (ng/mL)
111.42 ± 49.25
149.39 ± 45.10
194.50 ± 44.34
236.87 ± 46.22
25(OH)VD3 (ng/mL)
17.36 ± 6.23
14.86 ± 6.19
12.75 ± 5.74
10.61 ± 5.04
Data are means ± SD for Gaussian variables and median (interquartile range) for non-Gaussian variables. Note. Normoalbuminuric, Microalbuminuric, and Macroalbuminuric versus Control, , ; Microalbuminuric and Macroalbuminuric versus Normoalbuminuric, , ; Macroalbuminuric versus Microalbuminuric, , . BMI: body mass index; FBG: fasting blood glucose; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; TC: cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; UA: uric acid; Scr: serum creatinine; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; Fg: fibrinogen; Ln(ACR): Ln Koc of urinary albumin to creatinine ratio; FINS: fasting insulin; HOMA-IR: HOMA insulin resistance index; HIF-1α: hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; vWf: von Willebrand factor; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1; 25(OH)VD3: 25-hydroxy vitamin D3.
