Training Does Not Alter Muscle Ceramide and Diacylglycerol in Offsprings of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Despite Improved Insulin Sensitivity

Figure 1

Ceramide and DAG metabolism in skeletal muscle. Ceramide is synthesized de novo from palmitoyl CoA and serine. Reversible reactions produce ceramide from sphingosine, glucosylceramide, ceramide 1-phosphate, and sphingomyelin, respectively. Conversion of ceramide to sphingomyelin also produces DAG. DAG is further synthesized from monoacylglycerol and from degradation of triacylglycerol. PC: phosphocholine; SMS: sphingomyelin synthase; MAG: monoacylglycerol; MGAT: monoacylglycerol acyltransferase; DGAT: diacylglycerol acyltransferase; HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase; ATGL: adipose triglyceride lipase. Proteins marked in bold blue are analyzed by western blotting.