An Investigation into the Antiobesity Effects of Morinda citrifolia L. Leaf Extract in High Fat Diet Induced Obese Rats Using a 1H NMR Metabolomics Approach
Table 5
Relative quantification of significant discriminating metabolites based on the concentration of 0.1% of 3-trimethylsilyl propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid sodium salt (TSP) as internal standard and quantified using Chenomx NMR Suite.
Metabolites
Chemical shifts
VIP value
HFD
ND
HFD + 250
HFD + OR
p value
Lactate
1.34 (d)
2.46
1662.9 ± 51.9
493.4 ± 73.1
482.1 ± 55.9
761.0 ± 33.6
0.000
4.11 (dd)
Alanine
3.78 (dd)
1.63
94.0 ± 3.03
53.3 ± 13.48
55.6 ± 3.52
47.0 ± 2.50
0.002
1.48 (d)
3-Hydroxybutyrate
1.18 (d)
3.48
316.8 ± 23.17
513.8 ± 74.20
368.7 ± 24.00
396.9 ± 73.54
0.023
4.23 (m)
2.31 (d)
2.38 (dd)
2-Hydroxyisobutyrate
1.34 (s)
5.60
232.5 ± 25.36
153.8 ± 15.12
143.9 ± 21.54
182.1 ± 49.43
0.036
Pyruvate
2.38 (s)
2.19
55.6 ± 3.62
18.7 ± 2.16
31.1 ± 1.03
28.3 ± 7.21
0.000
Creatinine/creatine
3.06 (s)
1.28
45.1 ± 2.43
25.6 ± 3.64
23.3 ± 0.60
39.5 ± 0.04
0.000
4.06 (s)
α-Glucose
5.22 (d)
1.09
1116.4 ± 27.4
458.1 ± 27.6
511.7 ± 20.6
206.4 ± 44.3
0.000
Acetate
1.93 (s)
1.28
38.9 ± 2.80
26.8 ± 4.42
35.4 ± 1.50
38.9 ± 2.61
0.013
Different small letters indicate significant difference () between different groups as shown by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Minitab Version 14.
