| | Study | Number | Men | Female | BCAA and related metabolites identified | Relation between BCAA and IR |
| | Lee et al. [20] | 685 | 45% | 55% | Valine, leucine, isoleucine, total BCAA | Positive,
male > female |
| | Takashina et al. [34] | 83 | 80% | 20% | Valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, alanine, arginine, asparagine, α-aminobutyric acid, citrulline, cystine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, ornithine, proline, serine, taurine, tyrosine, histidine | Positive,
male > female |
| | Boulet et al. [32] | 59 | 0% | 100% | Leucine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, alanine, arginine, citrulline, cystine, glycine, ornithine, proline, serine, taurine, tyrosine, C3 | Positive (leucine) |
| | Yamada et al. [35] | 94 | 51% | 49% | Valine, leucine, isoleucine, total BCAA, alanine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, ornithine, glycine, glutamate/glutamine, methionine, lysine, cysteine, aspartic acid, total AA | Positive,
male > female |
| | Xie et al. [30] | 211 | 36% | 64% | Valine, isoleucine, leucine, glutamic acid, tryptophan, tyrosine, carnitine, phenylalanine, alanine, beta-tyrosine, creatine | Positive,
male > female |
| | Xie et al. [30] | 105 | 38% | 62% | Valine, isoleucine, leucine, glutamic acid, tryptophan, tyrosine, carnitine, phenylalanine, alanine, beta-tyrosine, creatine | Positive,
male > female |
| | Würtz et al. [28] | 7098 | 48% | 52% | Leucine, isoleucine, valine, glutamine, pyruvate, creatinine, alanine, phenylalanine, phospholipids, fatty acids | Positive,
male > female |
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