The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Diabetic Wound Healing in relation to Photobiomodulation

Figure 2

The interaction of photobiomodulation (PBM) and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Light absorbed by photons in the electron transport chain within the mitochondria generates the production of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and Nitric Oxide (NO). This evokes the release of transcription factors leading to the transcription of genes, which develop and enhance various cellular processes. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with changes that occur in the ECM. Under disease conditions, excess MMP is expressed which leads to the enhanced degradation of the ECM. When cells are exposed to PBM, there is an enhancement in the release of various cells including fibroblasts, growth factors, and adhesion molecules into the basement membrane leading to ECM remodelling.