The Burden of NAFLD and Its Characteristics in a Nationwide Population with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 2
Relative risk ratios adjusted for gender, age, and duration of diabetes.
RRR for FLI 30–59%
RRR for FLI ≥ 60%
AST (by 10 UI/L)
1.13 (1.07–1.20)
1.29 (1.20–1.38)
AST > 38 UI/L
1.48 (1.22–1.79)
3.06 (2.51–3.74)
ALT (by 10 UI/L)
1.27 (1.21–1.33)
1.50 (1.40–1.62)
ALT > 41 UI/L
1.89 (1.65–2.15)
4.54 (3.85–5.36)
ALT > 41 UI/L if male or >31 UI/L if female
1.63 (1.47–1.80)
3.70 (3.24–4.23)
ALT > 30 UI/L if male or >19 UI/L if female
1.40 (1.30–1.51)
2.78 (2.49–3.10)
Serum creatinine (by 1 mg/dL)
1.47 (1.23–1.77)
1.93 (1.59–2.34)
eGFR (by 10 mL/min/1.73 m2)
0.92 (0.90–0.93)
0.82 (0.81–0.84)
eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
1.36 (1.26–1.48)
2.11 (1.95–2.27)
Albuminuria
1.17 (1.03–1.32)
1.72 (1.43–2.07)
HbA1c (by 1%)
1.01 (0.98–1.04)
—
1.18 (1.11–1.25)
HbA1c ≥ 7% (53 mmol/mol)
1.10 (1.02–1.18)
1.71 (1.56–1.89)
Total cholesterol (by 20 mg/dL)
1.04 (1.02–1.06)
1.13 (1.11–1.14)
HDL-C (by 10 mg/dL)
0.78 (0.76–0.80)
0.57 (0.55–0.60)
HDL-C < 40 if male or <50 mg/dL if female
1.86 (1.73–2.00)
3.53 (3.26–3.82)
LDL-C (by 20 mg/dL)
1.05 (1.03–1.07)
1.08 (1.06–1.10)
LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL
1.17 (1.08–1.27)
1.23 (1.14–1.34)
Systolic blood pressure (by 20 mmHg)
1.18 (1.13–1.22)
1.36 (1.28–1.44)
Diastolic blood pressure (by 10 mmHg)
1.20 (1.15–1.25)
1.48 (1.40–1.56)
Systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/85 mmHg
1.32 (1.24–1.40)
1.78 (1.66–1.91)
Pulse pressure (by 10 mmHg)
1.04 (1.02–1.07)
1.07 (1.04–1.10)
score (by 10)
0.86 (0.83–0.90)
0.67 (0.64–0.70)
Retinopathy
1.04 (0.94–1.15)
—
1.15 (1.05–1.26)
Smokers
1.00 (0.92–1.09)
—
0.92 (0.85–1.00)
—
Relative risk ratios (RRRs) with 95% confidence interval. The values are referring to relative risk ratios for FLI 30–59 () or FLI ≥ 60 ( and ) at multinomial logistic regression analysis correcting for gender, age, and duration of diabetes with patients with FLI < 30 ( and ) and FLI 30–59 () as reference category. : , : , : , and —: n.s.
