Metformin Protects H9C2 Cardiomyocytes from High-Glucose and Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury via Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Inflammatory Responses: Role of AMPK and JNK

Figure 5

Metformin protects against HG + H/R induced cardiac cell injury by inhibiting JNK signaling pathway, which acts downstream of AMPK. H9C2 cells were treated with HG + H/R, metformin (5 mM), metformin + HG + H/R, compound C (1 μM), metformin + HG + H/R + compound C, ANISO (10 μM), and metformin + HG + H/R + ANISO. (a) Expression of P-JNK and T-JNK in each of the treatment conditions was measured by Western blots. (b) Effect of a putative JNK activator ANISO on cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 kit. Data are shown as means ± SD of 3 independent experiments. versus control; versus HG + H/R; versus metformin + HG + H/R.

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