Novel Tubular Biomarkers Predict Renal Progression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study

Table 3

Cox proportional hazards modeling of quartiles of urine biomarkers to predict rapid GFR decline.

Predictor variables	UCCR; (HR [95% CI])		UANG; (HR [95% CI])		UKIM-1; (HR [95% CI])		UNGAL; (HR [95% CI])
Unadjusted
First quartile	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Second quartile	2.34 (0.56–9.85)	0.246	2.83 (0.73–10.98)	0.133	2.42 (0.51–11.43)	0.265	6.44 (1.43–29.11)	0.015
Third quartile	3.95 (1.1–14.2)	0.035	3.18 (0.84–12.01)	0.088	3.68 (0.81–16.78)	0.092	7.15 (1.61–31.7)	0.010
Fourth quartile	7.52 (2.23–25.28)	0.001	8.37 (2.49–28.08)	0.001	6.95 (1.61–29.90)	0.009	8.23 (1.87–36.16)	0.005
Adjusted for model
First quartile	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Second quartile	1.99 (0.44–9.15)	0.385	2.41 (0.59–9.80)	0.218	5.36 (0.65–43.97)	0.118	5.36 (1.15–25.03)	0.033
Third quartile	3.76 (1.02–13.85)	0.046	2.64 (0.66–10.54)	0.170	8.04 (1.01–25.08)	0.049	4.92 (1.05–23.08)	0.043
Fourth quartile	5.69 (1.47–21.97)	0.012	6.85 (1.76–26.67)	0.006	9.61 (1.23–75.06)	0.031	3.85 (1.76–26.67)	0.037

Adjusted model with baseline of body mass index, systolic blood pressure, anemia, RAAS blocker, serum creatinine, and urine albumin creatinine ratio.
HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; UANG: urine angiotensinogen creatinine ratio; UCCR: urine cystatin-C creatinine ratio; UKIM-1: Urine Kidney Injury Molecule-1 creatinine ratio; UNGAL: Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin creatinine ratio.