Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Visit-to-Visit HbA1c Variability Predict Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Preserved Kidney Function
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of 162 patients with type 2 diabetes who had and did not have chronic kidney disease at baseline.
Overall
Chronic kidney disease at baseline
values
()
Present ()
Absent ()
Male sex (, %)
89, 55
12, 48
77, 56
0.45
Smokers (, %)
53, 33
6, 24
47, 3
0.30
Age (years)
0.000
BMI (kg/m2)
0.10
Waist circumference (cm)
0.35
Duration of diabetes (years)
0.02
Treatment of diabetes; diet/OHA/insulin (, %)
53/81/28, 33/50/17
4/14/7, 16/56/28
49/67/21, 36/49/15
0.10
Hypertension; CCB/RASi/diuretics (, %)
56/68/7, 35/42/4
18/17/5, 72/68/20
38/51/2, 28/37/1
0.000
HbA1c (%)
0.25
Fasting PG (mg/dL)
0.86
Postbreakfast PG (mg/dL)
0.37
CV-HbA1c (%)
0.96
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
0.012
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
0.06
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
0.06
Fasting TG (mg/dL)
0.06
Postbreakfast TG (mg/dL)
0.06
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)
0.000
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
0.000
ΔeGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2/year)
0.93
Uric acid (mg/dL)
0.03
Systolic BP (mmHg)
0.20
CV-systolic BP (%)
0.41
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
0.02
Urinary ACR (mg/g)
0.014
log ACR
0.001
Leucocyte count (103/μL)
0.19
Maximum IMT (mm)
0.14
Mean IMT (mm)
0.26
ACR ≥ 30 mg/g (, %)
53, 33
12, 48
41, 30
0.08
Mean ± SD or , %. OHA; oral hypoglycemic agents, CCB; calcium channel blockers, RASi; renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, PG; plasma glucose, CV; coefficient of variation, eGFR; estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR; annual changes in eGFR, BP; blood pressure, ACR; albumin/creatinine ratio, IMT; intima-media thickness, , , and .
