Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Function

Table 1

Diagnostic methods for DPN.

Author(s)	Diagnostic method	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV
Single tests
Dyck et al. [116]	Abnormal ankle reflex	60.3	90.5
	Abnormal VPT	17.2	96.4
Al-Geffari [117]	Abnormal ankle reflex	51.4	97.7	94.9	71.0
	10 g SW Monofilament	69.7	87.9	82.6	78.0
	128-Hz tuning fork	72.5	88.7	84.0	79.7
Composite scores
Dyck et al. [116]	NIS (LL) + 7 tests	100	100
	NIS (LL)	69	86.9
Feldman et al. [118]	MNSI > 2	80	90	97	74
Moghtaderi et al. [114]	MNSI > 1.5	79	65	59	83
	MNSI > 2.0	65	83	71	79
	MNSI > 2.5	50	91	77	74
	MNSI > 3.0	35	94	80	70
Xiong et al. [119]	NSC	85.96	77.03	74.24	87.69
	NIS	59.65	98.65	97.14	76.04
	MNSI > 1.0	70.18	81.08	74.07	77.92
	MNSI > 1.5	57.89	97.30	94.29	75.00
	MNSI > 2.0	49.12	97.30	93.33	71.29
	MNSI > 2.5	36.84	98.65	95.45	66.97
Al-Geffari [117]	Combined tuning fork & SW Monofilament	89.5	84.9	92.8	89.5
Liu et al. [120]	TCSS	77.2	75.6
Nerve conduction studies
Dyck et al. [116]	≥1 nerve w/abnormal NCS	93.1	57.7
	≥2 nerves w/abnormal NCS	81	91.2
	≥3 nerves w/abnormal NCS	51.7	97.8

DM, diabetes mellitus; IDDM, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; NIDDM, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; MNSI, Michigan Neuropathy Screening.
Instrument; NCS, Nerve Conduction Study; NIS (LL), neuropathic impairment (disability) score of lower limbs; NSC, nerve symptomatic change score; SW, Semmes-Weinstein.