Research Article
The Influence of Health Literacy and Depression on Diabetes Self-Management: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 2
Group comparison of high and low health literacy levels by participant characteristics.
| | Characteristics | Low health literacy (≤10) | High health literacy (>10) | Unadjusted odds ratio | |
| | Sociodemographic | | | | | | Age: <60 years, (%) | 56 (44) | 57 (58) | 0.58 (0.34–0.98) | 0.042 | | Sex: male, (%) | 65 (52) | 54 (55) | 1.15 (0.68–1.96) | 0.601 | | Marital status: with partner, (%) | 86 (68) | 61 (62) | 0.77 (0.44–1.34) | 0.348 | | Highest educational attainment | | | | | | (i) Up to primary schooling | 27 () | 6 () | 0.24 (0.09–0.61) | <0.001 | | (ii) Secondary schooling | 81 (66) | 65 (66) | 1.09 (0.63–1.91) | | | (iii) More than secondary schooling | 15 () | 27 (28) | 2.81 (1.40–5.66) | | | Country of birth: overseas-born, (%) | 80 (64) | 45 (46) | 0.49 (0.29–0.84) | 0.009 |
| | Clinical characteristics | | | | | | Self-rated health: fair or poor, (%) | 111 (90) | 88 (90) | 0.97 (0.41–2.32) | 0.946 | | : high (>7%), (%) | 96 (76) | 85 (87) | 2.04 (1.00–4.17) | 0.047 |
| | Knowledge and psychological factors | | | | | | Confidence diabetes management: low (up to 8), (%) | 94 (75) | 60 (61) | 1.86 (1.05–3.29) | 0.032 | | Knowledge about diabetes: low (up to 7), (%) | 83 (66) | 53 (54) | 1.64 (0.95–2.82) | 0.073 | | Psychological status, depressed (PHQ-2: ≥2) | 71 (56) | 41 (42) | 0.56 (0.33–0.95) | 0.031 | | DSMQ-16 score: low (up to 35), (%) | 64 (51) | 57 (58) | 0.74 (0.44–1.26) | 0.283 |
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