Lower Hemoglobin Concentration Is Associated with Retinal Ischemia and the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes

Table 3

General and hematological variables that showed statistically significant differences in the comparison between groups according to the presence or absence of retinal ischemia in the group of patients with diabetic retinopathy.

	Absent retinal ischemia; ()	Present retinal ischemia; ()	value
Urinary albumin: creatinine ratio, mg/g	9.4 [5.2–21.4]	25.0 [8.4–76.2]	0.002
Disease duration (yr)	10 (5–15)	16.5 (8–23)	0.0015
Insulin treatment, (%)	40 (42.1%)	43 (74%)	0.038
Smoking	7 (12.1%)	23 (24.5%)	0.0621
Hemoglobin (gr/dL)	14.0 [13.1–14.9]	13.1 [12.5–13.9]	<0.001
Erythrocytes (×10^12/L)	4.8 [4.5–5.0]	4.6 [4.3–4.9]	0.002
Hematocrit (%)	41.7 [39.9–43.8]	39.7 [36.6–41.4]	<0.001