Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants Used by the Basotho Tribe of Eastern Free State: A Review

Table 1

In vitro pharmacological activities of medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus by the Basotho tribe.

Plant name	Family	Local name (South Sotho)	Pharmacological studies				Solvent used	Province	Part used	References
			Antioxidant	Inflammation	Antimicrobial	Cytotoxic
E. punctulatus	Asteraceae	Kapokbos (Afr.)	DPPH	5-Lipoxygenase enzyme	Disc diffusion assay		Acetone		Leaves	[34, 35]
H. hemerocallidea	Hypoxidaceae	Lotsane	DPPH		Microdilution assay		Ethanol, acetone	Mpumalanga	Leaves and corms	[41]
D. anomala	Asteraceae	Hloenya	DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion, metal chelating, reducing power				Water, ethanol, methanol, and 50% aqueous ethanol	Free State	Roots	[56]
X. undulatum	Apocynaceae	Leshokoa			Microplate dilution method		Water, ethanol, ethyl acetate	KZN	Roots	[62]
M. serrata	Myricaceae	Smalblaarwasbessie (Afr.)			Microplate dilution method	Brine shrimp lethality assay	Hexane, water, methanol, acetone	Free State	Roots	[66]
G. krebsiana	Asteraceae	Botterbloom (Afr.)	DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion, metal chelating, reducing power				Water, ethanol, methanol, and 50% aqueous ethanol	Free State	Leaves	[56]
E. elephantina	Fabaceae	Mositsane	DPPH			Brine shrimp lethality assay	Hexane, water, ethanol	Gauteng	Rhizomes	[77]
					Microdilution method		Water, DCM/water	Swaziland, South Africa, and Zimbabwe	Rhizomes	[76]
H. scaposa	Asteraceae	Khutsana		Cyclooxygenase	Disc diffusion		Hexane, methanol, water	Pietermaritzburg	Leaves, roots	[83]
P. prunelloides	Rubiaceae	Sooibrandbossie (Afr.)	DPPH	15-LOX	Microdilution assay	Brine shrimp lethality assay	Hexane, water, ethanol; water, 80% ethanol, DCM	Gauteng; KZN	Rhizome; Whole plant	[77]; [89, 91]
B. narcissifolia	Asphodelaceae	Serelelile			Cup plate method		Water, acetone, ethyl acetate	KZN	Leave, roots, rhizome	[104]
G. perpensa	Gunneraceae	Qobo			Microplate dilution method		Water, ethanol, ethyl acetate	KZN	Roots	[62, 114, 116]
			DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion	LOX activity		Brine shrimp lethality assay	Methanol	KZN	Rhizome	[115]
Aloe vera	Liliaceae	Barbados Aloe	Peroxyl radical,; superoxide		Agar diffusion; Agar dilution		Water	Ondo, Nigeria; Romania	Leaf, gel; Leaves	[121]; [128, 129]
E. zeyheri	Fabaceae	Khungoana			Agar dilution		Acetone	Japan	Roots	[134, 135]

The pharmacological activity yet to be determined.
DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; ABTS: 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid.
KZN: KwaZulu-Natal; DCM: dichloromethane; LOX: lipoxygenase.