Research Article
Calpain-Calcineurin-Nuclear Factor Signaling and the Development of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Valvular Heart Disease and Diabetes
Table 2
Clinical assessments of patients.
| | | AF () | SR () | |
| | Age (years) | 51.20 ± 6.33 | 50.06 ± 9.26 | 0.524 | | Sex (male, %) | 24 (53.33%) | 18 (56.25%) | 0.800 | | Cigarette smoking | 9 (20.00%) | 7 (21.88%) | 0.842 | | Alcohol drinking | 13 (28.89%) | 11 (34.38%) | 0.609 | | Diseases | | | | | MS | 14 (31.11%) | 10 (31.25%) | 0.505 | | MR | 22 (48.89%) | 18 (56.25%) | | MS + MR | 6 (13.33%) | 4 (12.50%) | | MS + MR + AS/AR | 3 (6.67%) | 0 | | Physical examination | | | | | Systolic BP (mmHg) | 120.22 ± 8.40 | 123.31 ± 12.62 | 0.201 | | Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75.98 ± 8.01 | 73.06 ± 10.54 | 0.172 | | Rest heart rates (bpm) | 81.13 ± 14.74 | 74.03 ± 8.91 | 0.011 | | Cardiac function | | | | | NYHA class II | 11 (24.44%) | 17 (53.13%) | 0.019 | | NYHA class III | 34 (75.56%) | 15 (46.87%) | | Medications | | | | | ACEI (%) | 8 (19.03%) | 3 (9.38%) | 0.345 | | -blockers (%) | 18 (40.00%) | 4 (12.50%) | 0.011 | | Digoxin (%) | 25 (55.56%) | 0 | <0.001 | | Diuretics (%) | 45 (100%) | 18 (58.25%) | <0.001 |
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ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; AF, atrial fibrillation; AR, aortic regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; BP, blood pressure; bpm, beats per minute; MR, mitral regurgitation; MS, mitral stenosis; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SR, sinus rhythm.
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