Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Disorders in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Compared with a Control Group

Table 4

Distribution of oral mucosal disorders in DM patients and controls.

	Guggenheimer et al., 2000 [20]		Saini et al., 2010 [21]		Bastos et al., 2011 [22]		Mohsin et al., 2014 [23]
	Cases	Controls	Cases	Controls	Cases	Controls	Cases	Controls
	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)
Subjects with one or more oral disorders	180 (44.4)	67 (25)	189 (45)	161 (38.3)	129 (88)	50 (45)	225 (60.8)	145 (39.2)
Angular cheilitis	13 (3.2)	3 (1.1)	10 (2.4)	3 (0.7)	22 (15)	10 (9)
Aphthous stomatitis	6 (1.5)	8 (3.0)	5 (1.2)	3 (0.7)
Atrophy of tongue papillae	36 (8.9)	6 (2.2)			4 (2.7)	0 (0)
Pseudomembranous candidiasis	2 (0.5)	1 (0.4)
Denture stomatitis	19 (4.7)	4 (1.5)	45 (10.7)	26 (6.2)
Epulis fissuratum	3 (0.7)	0 (0.0)
Fissured tongue	22 (5.4)	1 (0.4)	114 (27.1)	112 (26.7)	26 (17,8)	4 (3.6)	63 (15.9)	40 (9.9)
Fistulous tract	4 (1.0)	1 (0.4)
Gingival hyperplasia	7 (1.7)	4 (1.15)
Herpes labialis	1 (0.2)	2 (0.7)
Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia	3 (0.7)	0 (0.0)
Fibroma	10 (2.5)	1 (0.4)	5 (1.2)	5 (1.2)
Lichen planus	2 (0.5)	2 (0.7)	2 (0.5)	0 (0)	9 (6.1)	0 (0)	7 (1.8)	4 (1)
Median rhomboid glossitis	29 (7.2)	1 (0.4)	4 (1)	5 (1.2)
Geographic tongue	22 (5.4)	9 (3.4)	17 (4)	4 (1)	8 (5,4)	1 (0,9)	5 (1.3)	4 (1)
Papilloma	1 (0.2)	1 (0.4)
Traumatic ulcer	14 (3.5)	3 (1.1)	8 (1.9)	2 (0.5)
Frictional keratosis			10 (2.4)	14 (3.3)
Coated tongue					42 (28,7)	9 (8.1)	106 (26.8)	32 (7.9)
Varices					30 (20,5)	6 (5.4)
Melanin pigmentation					12 (8,2)	2 (1,8)	60 (15.2)	45 (11.1)
Leukoedema					8 (5.4)	2 (1.8)
Actinic cheilitis					37 (25.3)	6 (5.4)
Leukoplakia					6 (2.7)	1 (1.8)	14 (3.5)	12 (3)
Nicotinic stomatitis					3 (2)	2 (1.8)
Oral submucous fibrosis							8 (2)	12 (3)
Linea alba							31 (7.1)	12 (3)
Fordyce granules							9 (2.3)	0 (0)