Research Article
Diabetic Retinopathy Is Strongly Predictive of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes
Table 3
Demographic data between groups of CAN and non-CAN.
| | | Non-CAN () | CAN () | value |
| | Age (year) | 64.8 ± 8.3 | 60.7 ± 9.4 | | | Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.0 ± 3.6 | 26.3 ± 3.8 | 0.524 | | Waist circumstance (cm) | 92.9 ± 10.6 | 92.9 ± 10.8 | 0.815 | | Duration of diabetes (year) | 11.5 ± 6.7 | 12.8 ± 7.5 | 0.331 | | SBP (mmHg) | 137.1 ± 20.1 | 141.0 ± 18.7 | 0.205 | | DBP (mmHg) | 74.4 ± 11.3 | 74.5 ± 10.0 | 0.921 | | HbA1c (mmol/mol) (NGSP, %) | 54 ± 9 (7.1 ± 0.8) | 56 ± 12 (7.3 ± 1.1) | 0.175 | | GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 63.1 ± 26.8 | 58.9 ± 31.9 | 0.120 | | UACR (mg/mg) | 0.05 [0.01, 0.24] | 0.14 [0.05, 0.57] | | | hsCRP (mg/L) | 0.95 [0.44, 2.02] | 1.05 [0.49, 2.30] | 0.442 | | UA (mg/dL) | 7.1 ± 1.8 | 7.6 ± 2.3 | 0.126 | | Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 151.3 ± 32.8 | 155.7 ± 25.0 | 0.115 | | LDL-C (mg/dL) | 72.7 ± 28.9 | 76.3 ± 23.8 | 0.112 | | HDL-C (mg/dL) | 51.8 ± 12.6 | 54.7 ± 14.8 | 0.222 | | Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 135.0 ± 85.0 | 123.5 ± 70.0 | 0.600 |
| | Sex (F/M) | 26/67 | 24/42 | 0.263 | | Insulin | 24/93 | 27/66 | | | ARB/ACEI | 72/93 | 54/66 | 0.678 | | Beta-blocker | 24/93 | 27/66 | 0.055 | | CCB | 34/93 | 29/66 | 0.410 | | Diuretics | 46/93 | 44/66 | | | Metabolic syndrome | 66/93 | 55/66 | 0.059 | | Retinopathy† | | | < |
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HbA1c: glycohemoglobin; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; UACR: urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; hs-CRP: high-sensitive C-reactive protein; UA: uric acid; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; ACEI: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; CCB: calcium-channel blocker.
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†Retinopathy was categorized into stages 0, 1, and 2.
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