Diabetic Retinopathy Is Strongly Predictive of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes

Table 5

Univariate correlation analysis between individual risk factors and autonomic parameters/scores.

			Cardiovagal subscore	Adrenergic subscore	CASS
Age		0.004		0.158
Body mass index	−0.107	−0.079	0.096	0.003	0.085
Waist circumstance	−0.071	−0.049	0.056	−0.077	0.029
Duration of diabetes	−0.017		0.023	0.154	0.077
HbA1c	−0.089	−0.077	0.145	−0.022	0.069
SBP	−0.020		0.051	0.148	0.081
DBP	0.007	−0.113	−0.039	0.013	−0.050
GFR	0.086		−0.048		−0.153
UACR
hsCRP	−0.088	−0.153	0.093	0.106	0.102
UA	−0.090	−0.139	0.111
Cholesterol	−0.117	−0.078	0.122	0.028	0.073
LDL	−0.109	−0.063	0.111	0.045	0.092
HDL	−0.028	0.025	0.035	0.022	0.022
Triglycerides	0.029	−0.146	0.011	0.042	0.024
Retinopathy^†
Metabolic syndrome	−0.095

HbA1c: glycohemoglobin; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; UACR: urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; hs-CRP: high-sensitive C-reactive protein; UA: uric acid; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein.
⁢; .
^†Retinopathy is categorized into stages 0, 1, and 2.