| | Proposed miRNAs as biomarkers | Gene expression (diabetic versus healthy patients) | Type of samples/normalized method | Preselected miRNAs from screening method or from preclinical studies | Type of clinical study/experimental groups (number) | Geographic location | References |
| | miR-126 | ↓ | Plasma/RT-qPCR, miR-454 | miR-15a, miR-20b, miR-21, miR-24, miR-29b, miR-126, miR-150, miR-191, miR-197, miR-223, miR-320, miR-486/Human TaqMan MicroRNA Arrays for 377 miRNAs, Applied Biosystems | Prospective population-based study/NGT (580)
IFG-IGT (162)
DMT2 (80) | Bruneck, Italy | [65] |
| | miR-144 | ↑ | Blood/RT-qPCR | miR-144, miR-146a, miR-150, and miR-182 selected from blood liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue of rat fed with high fat diet (2 weeks) and STZ administration (40 mg/Kg, ip)/microarray for miRNA based on miRBase 11, Exiqon | Cross-sectional study/NGT (15)
IGT-IFG (14)
DMT2 (21) | Singapore, Singapore | [68] |
| miR-9
miR-29a
miR-30d
miR-34a
miR-124a
miR-146a
miR-375 | ↑ | Serum/RT-qPCR RNU6B | miRNAs selected from [83] | Cross-sectional study/NGT (19)
IGT-IFG (19)
DMT2 (18) | Jinan, China | [79] |
| miR-126
miR-140-5p
miR-142-3p
miR-195
miR-423-5p | ↓ | Plasma/RT-qPCR miR-106a
miR-146a
miR-19b
miR-223 | miR-125b, miR-126, miR-130b, miR-140-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-192, miR-195, miR-222, miR-423-5p, and miR-532-5p/TaqMan Array Human MicroRNAs v2.0, for 377 miRNAs, Life Technologies | Pilot study/NGT (6)
DMT2 (6)
Cross-sectional study/NGT (45)
DMT2 (48) | Girona, Spain | [66] |
| miR-138,
miR-376a
miR-503 | ↓ | Serum/RT-qPCR
miR-191
miR-423-3p | miR-15b, miR-25, miR-27b, miR-101, miR-138, miR-150, miR-205, miR-376a, miR-432-5p, miR-500a, miR-503, and miR-942/Human Panels I and II containing 742 miRNAs, Exiqon | Cross-sectional study/NGT (20)
Obese (20)
DMT2 (13)
Obese + DMT2 (16) | Madrid, Spain | [69] |
| miR-21
miR-210
(plasma)
miR-126 (urine) | ↑
↓ | Plasma, urine/RT-qPCR | miRNA-21, miR-126, and miR-210/miRNAs selected from [65, 84, 85] | Cross-sectional cohort study with paediatric patients
NGT (79)
DMT1 (68) | London, United Kingdom | [86] |
| | miR-126 | ↓ | Serum/RT-qPCR Cel-miR-39 | miRNA selected from [65] | Cross-sectional cohort study/NGT (138), IGT/IFG (157), DMT2 (160) | Harbin, China | [67] |
| miR-24
miR-29b
miR-144 (for Swedes) | ↑ | Plasma/RT-qPCR
miR-425 | miR-15b, miR-20, miR-21, miR-24, miR-28-3p, miR-29b, miR-126, miR-144, miR-150, miR-191, miR-197, miR-223, and miR-302a, miR-486-5p selected according to miRNA described in [65, 68] | Cross-sectional study/NGT-Iraq (65)
NGT-Sweden (54)
DMT2-Iraq (19)
DMT2-Sweden (14) | (Sweden and Iraqi population) Malmö, Sweden | [70] |
| miR-101
miR-375
miR-802 | ↑ | Serum/RT-qPCR
Cel-miR-39 | miR-101, miR-335, miR-375, and miR-802 selected by preselected miRNAs from heart, pancreas, white adipose tissue, and other tissues of obese mice fed with high fat diet of 20 weeks of age were obtained by sequence analysis Illumina | NGT (49)
DMT2 (155) | Okayama, Japan | [87] |
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