The Feasibility of Health Trainer Improved Patient Self-Management in Patients with Low Health Literacy and Poorly Controlled Diabetes: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
Table 1
Baseline patient characteristics between usual care and health trainer.
Patient characteristic
Usual care
Health trainer
Age (mean (SD))
61.5 (10.1)
64.7 (11.2)
Sex
Male
22 (59.5)
16 (41.0)
Female
15 (40.5)
23 (59.0)
Deprivation
Most deprived
11 (29.7)
13 (33.3)
2nd most deprived
16 (43.2)
17 (43.6)
Mid-deprived
8 (21.6)
5 (12.8)
2nd least deprived
2 (5.4)
4 (10.3)
Least deprived
0 (0)
0 (0)
Employment status
Paid work
13 (35.1)
15 (38.5)
Retired
17 (46.0)
15 (38.5)
Long-term sick/disabled
6 (16.2)
6 (15.4)
Seeking employment/volunteer work/looking after home or family
1 (2.7)
3 (7.7)
Marital status
Never married
7 (18.9)
4 (10.3)
Married/civil partnership
21 (56.8)
21 (53.9)
Separated/divorced/widowed
9 (24.3)
14 (35.9)
Lives alone
Yes
9 (24.3)
10 (27.0)
No
28 (75.7)
27 (74.0)
How long patient had diabetes (years)
<5 years
11 (29.7)
4 (10.3)
≥5 years
26 (70.3)
35 (89.7)
Number of comorbidities
0-1
8 (21.6)
12 (30.8)
2-3
18 (48.7)
21 (53.9)
4-5
11 (29.7)
6 (15.4)
Highest qualification obtained
School level including O-level/CSEs/GCSEs/School certificate or none
9 (26.5)
21 (53.9)
A-level or vocational including NVQ/HNC/HND/professional qualification/other
22 (64.7)
16 (41.0)
University (first or higher education)
3 (8.8)
2 (5.1)
Health literacy
Adequate
17 (46.0)
13 (33.3)
Inadequate
20 (54.0)
26 (66.7)
Socioeconomic status
Higher managerial administration and professional occupations
9 (24.3)
10 (25.6)
Intermediate occupations
10 (27.0)
12 (30.8)
Routine and manual occupations
18 (48.7)
17 (43.6)
Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless (QOF depression screen 1)
Yes
16 (43.2)
15 (38.5)
No
21 (56.8)
24 (61.5)
Little interest or pleasure in doing things (QOF depression screen 2)
