Inhospital Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study in Lima, Peru
Table 3
Factors associated with mortality during hospital admission: crude and adjusted models using Cox regression.
Dead/total
Mortality
Crude model
Adjusted model
Imputed model
()
Rate (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
Urinary infection
No
35/385 (9.1%)
0.59 (0.42–0.83)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
Yes
7/114 (6.1%)
0.48 (0.23–1.01)
0.77 (0.34–1.75)
1.04 (0.27–3.98)
0.70 (0.28–1.72)
Respiratory infection
No
27/438 (6.2%)
0.41 (0.28–0.61)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
Yes
15/61 (24.6%)
1.68 (1.01–2.78)
4.26 (2.25–8.10)
6.55 (2.09–20.50)
5.62 (2.53–12.50)
Gastrointestinal infection
No
38/461 (8.2%)
0.55 (0.40–0.76)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
Yes
4/38 (10.5%)
0.82 (0.31–2.19)
1.49 (0.53–4.19)
1.04 (0.12–8.79)
1.91 (0.65–5.64)
Subcutaneous infection
No
36/459 (7.8%)
0.53 (0.38–0.74)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
Yes
6/39 (15.4%)
1.14 (0.51–2.53)
2.18 (0.91–5.19)
1.71 (0.33–8.79)
1.36 (0.45–4.09)
Diabetic foot
No
36/387 (9.3%)
0.73 (0.52–1.02)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
Yes
5/111 (4.5%)
0.21 (0.09–0.51)
0.30 (0.11–0.77)
0.13 (0.02–0.74)
0.28 (0.10–0.76)
Hypoglycemia
No
39/449 (8.7%)
0.57 (0.41–0.78)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
Yes
3/50 (6.0%)
0.68 (0.22–2.10)
1.07 (0.33–3.50)
0.80 (0.09–6.88)
0.73 (0.17–3.21)
Diabetic ketoacidosis
No
40/462 (8.7%)
0.58 (0.43–0.80)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
Yes
2/36 (5.6%)
0.44 (0.11–1.74)
0.72 (0.17–2.97)
4.77 (0.49–46.71)
2.07 (0.46–9.37)
Hyperosmolar state
No
40/482 (8.3%)
0.56 (0.41–0.76)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
Yes
2/17 (11.8%)
1.07 (0.27–4.28)
1.79 (0.43–7.45)
17.69 (2.88–108.8)
1.66 (0.37–7.44)
Stroke
No
35/471 (7.4%)
0.50 (0.36–0.70)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
Yes
7/28 (25.0%)
1.70 (0.81–3.56)
3.38 (1.49–7.68)
7.05 (1.91–26.07)
3.52 (1.46–8.45)
Acute renal disease
No
39/493 (7.9%)
0.53 (0.39–0.73)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
Yes
3/5 (60.0%)
10.7 (3.46–33.2)
11.78 (3.60–38.53)
16.89 (3.10–91.96)
13.73 (3.81–49.47)
Chronic renal disease
No
26/405 (6.4%)
0.43 (0.29–0.63)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
1 (Reference)
Yes
16/94 (17.0%)
1.24 (0.76–2.02)
2.91 (1.55–5.49)
2.69 (0.77–9.45)
2.73 (1.26–5.93)
Mortality rates were calculated per 100 persons-day of follow-up. The model was adjusted for gender, age, place of origin, education level, time of disease, hospital admission, treatment, and glycemic control. The imputed model was adjusted for the same variables listed above; missing values of glycemic control and time of disease were imputed.
